Naduma was a small Iron Age kingdom centered on Talira, in the borderland between southeastern Anatolia and northern Syria. The political formation conventionally called the Naduman kingdom is dated approximately c. 935–860 BCE, but settlement at Talira predates the kingdom and continued in reduced form after its disappearance. Naduma should therefore be understood as a short-lived political state within a much longer regional history, not as a civilization created and extinguished within seventy-five years.nnIts territory was modest. Archaeological evidence nevertheless points to unusually systematic storage, record keeping, road management, and long-distance exchange. The most distinctive evidence comes from the Questioners’ House and the corpus associated with Naru.